Selasa, 05 Juni 2018

Sample Questions About Reading (TOEFL)

Directions:  These sample questions in the Reading section measure your ability to understand academic passages in English. You will read one passage and answer questions about it. In a real test, you would have 20 minutes to read the passage and answer the questions. Candidates with disabilities may request a time extension.

Practice Questions 1–10


The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of the
Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across the largest
and northernmost state in the United States, ending at
a remote ice-free seaport village nearly 800 miles from
where it begins. It is massive in size and extremely
complicated to operate.
The steel pipe crosses windswept
plains and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops
the frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons,
climbs sheer mountains, plunges over rocky crags,
makes its way through thick forests, and passes over or
under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in
diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million
gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it daily.
Resting on H-shaped steel racks called "bents," long
sections of the pipeline follow a zigzag course high
above the frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of
sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and return to the
surface later on. The pattern of the pipeline's up-and-
down route is determined by the often harsh demands
of the arctic and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of
the land, and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or
permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little more
than half of the pipeline is elevated above the ground.
The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to 12 feet,
depending largely upon the type of terrain and the
properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline cost
approximately $8 billion and is by far the biggest
and most expensive construction project ever
undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single
business could raise that much money, so eight major oil
companies formed a consortium in order to share
the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to
particular shares of land in the oil fields and paid
into the pipeline-construction fund according to the
size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous
problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment
breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous
terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement, and
even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed
and is operating.

  1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's
    1. A. operating costs
    2. B. employees
    3. C. consumers
    4. D. construction
  2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to the
    1. A. pipeline
    2. B. ocean
    3. C. state
    4. D. village
  3. According to the second paragraph, 84 million gallons of oil can travel through the pipeline each
    1. A. day
    2. B. week
    3. C. month
    4. D. year
  4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
    1. A. Consisting of
    2. B. Supported by
    3. C. Passing under
    4. D. Protected with
  5. The author mentions all of the following in the third paragraph as important in determining the pipeline's route EXCEPT the
    1. A. climate
    2. B. lay of the land itself
    3. C. local vegetation
    4. D. kind of soil and rock
  6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in meaning to
    1. A. removed
    2. B. selected
    3. C. transported
    4. D. attempted
  7. According to the last paragraph, how many companies shared the costs of constructing the pipeline?
    1. A. three
    2. B. four
    3. C. eight
    4. D. twelve
  8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in meaning to
    1. A. peculiar
    2. B. specific
    3. C. exceptional
    4. D. equal
  9. According to the last paragraph, which of the following determined what percentage of the construction costs each member of the consortium would pay?
    1. A. How much oil field land each company owned
    2. B. How long each company had owned land in the oil fields
    3. C. How many people worked for each company
    4. D. How many oil wells were located on the company's land
  10. Where in the passage does the author provide a term for a layer of soil that always remains frozen?
    1. A. Line 4
    2. B. Line 15
    3. C. Line 23
    4. D. Line 37






Selasa, 24 April 2018

Structure and Written Expression Toefl


Structure and Written Expression dalam TOEFL bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan Anda dalam mengidentifikasi bahasa Inggris tulis yang digunakan dalam situasi formal (formal written English). Banyak ekspresi-ekspresi bahasa Inggris yang bisa diterima dalam komunikasi lisan, namun tidak bisa diterima atau tidak lazim digunakan dalam komunikasi tulis, apalagi yang bersifat formal.
Soal Structure and Written Expression terdiri dari dua bagian, struktur kalimat (structure) dan ekspresi bahasa Inggris tulis (written expression). Structure and Written Expression terdiri dari 40 soal, terdiri dari 15 soal structure (nomor 1 sampai dengan 15) dan 25 soal untuk written expression (nomor 16 sampai dengan 40). Waktu untuk mengerjakan 40 soal ini adalah 25 menit.
Pada bagian Structure Anda diharuskan mencari jawaban yang benar untuk melengkapi kalimat yang dikosongkan. Sedangkan pada bagian Written Expression, Anda diharuskan mencari jawaban yang salah dari kalimat yang digarisbawahi. Berikut ini bentuk contoh soal tes TOEFL Structure and Written Expression.
A. Contoh Soal TOEFL Structure
Directions : Question 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see for words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). You are to choose one word or phrase that best complete the sentence.

1. One of the major rivers of the western United States, ­­­­ flows for some 1,500 miles from Colorado to northwestern Mexico.
A it is the Colorado River
B the Colorado River which
C and the Colorado River
D the Colorado River

2. In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on drying makes ­­­­ a wide range of pearly or pastel­like effects.
A it is possible
B possible
C possible to be
D it possible the

3. Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists ­­­­ by the government during the Depression years on various federal art projects.
A employed
B whose employment
C to employ
D had been employed

4. Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur ­­­­ stressed because of drought or other environmental factors.
A as forests that become
B in forests become
C that become forests
D when forests become

5. To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, ­­­­ under its weight.
A so then breaks
B when breaks it
C which then breaks
D for which then breaks

6. Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervous system, where ­­­­ compound of myelin.
A it a
B a
C being a
D it is a

7. The committee has met twice and ....
    A. they reached a final decision
    B. a final decision was reached
    C. its decision was reached
    D. it has reached a final decision

8. The manager won't be able to attend the shareholders' meeting tomorrow because....
    A. he must to give a lecture
    B. he will be giving a lecture
    C. of he will give lecture
    D. he will have giving a lecture

9. Brenda's score on the test is the highest in class.
    A. She should study hard last night.
    B. She should have studied hard last night.
    C. She must have studied hard last night.
    D. She had to study hard last night

10. Mother wanted to serve some coffee to my guests; however....
    A. she hadn't many coffee.
    B. there is not a great amount of coffee.
    C. she didn't have my coffee.
    D. she was out of coffee.

11. Having been served lunch,....
    A. the problems were discussed by the participants.
    B. the participants discuss the problems.
    C. it was discussed by the participants.
    D. A discussion of the problems were made by the participants.

12. East Kalimantan relies heavily on income from oil and natural gas, and....
    A. Aceh province also.
    B. Aceh province too.
    C. Aceh province is as well.
    D. so does Aceh province.

13. The participants have had some problems deciding....
    A. when they should announce the result of the meeting.
    B. when are they sgoing to announce the result of the meeting.
    C. when should they announce the result of the meeting.
    D. the time when the result of the meeting to announce.

14. This year will be more difficult for our organization because....
    A. we have less money and volunteers than last year.
    B. there is a little money and volunteers than last year.
    C. it has less money and fewer volunteers than it had last year.
    D. it has fewer money and less volunteers than it had last year.

15. Professor Baker told his students that...
    A. they can turn over their reports on Mondays.
    B. the reports can turn over on Monday.
    C. they could hand in their reports on Monday.
    D. the reports they can hand in on Monday.

B. Contoh Soal TOEFL Written Expression
Directions : In question 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.

16. As a new employee, your duties are mailing the correspondence,
                                              A
      receive phone calls, and calling the members before meeting.
              B                                           C                        D

17. Passengers are able to clearly see the outline of the whole isolated island
             A                            B             C                                        D
      from the air plane.

18. Like others from energy, natural gass may be used to heat homes, run
                  A                                   B                C  
      automobiles, and cook food.
                                        D

19. Neither of the two candidates who had applied for the Industrial
                   A                                               B
      Engineering Department were  eligible for the scholarship.
                                              C                                  D

20. Having choose the topic for their essays, the students were instructed
                A                                    B                                       C
      to make either a preliminary outline or a rough draff.
                                                           D

21. If he would have lived a little longer, he probably would have won
                      A                        B                   C                          D
      the presidential election.

22. Despite the increase in airfares in Indonesia during the monetary crisis,
          A                               B                                             C
      most people still prefer travel by air.
                                            D

23. This tea pot has the same design, but it is different shaped from that one.
                                      A                                B          C                 D

24. Voslov Nijinsky achieved world recognition at both dancer and
                                   A                  B                C       D
      a choreographer.

25. After the runner had run for a half mile, he had passed the stick
                                  A                 B                      C
     to the next runner.
                  D

26. The prices of cars are as high that most people can not afford to buy them.
            A                        B                     C                    D
27. If you buy one box at the regular price, you would receive
                  A                           B                            C
      
another one at no extra cost.
           D

28. Located 
in the cranial cavity in the skull, the brain is the larger
                 A                                                                       B
      mass of 
nerve tissue in the human body.
                          C                            D

29. Professor Duncan recommended that we 
are present at the reception
                                                                   A                       B
      this afternoon 
in order to meet the representatives from the Ford Foundation.
                                   C                                 D

30. 
There have been little change in the patient's condition since she was
                 A                      B                            C
      moved to the
 intensive care unit.
                                      D

* Answers
A. Structure
1.D      11.B
2. B     12.D
3.A      13.A
4.D      14.C
5.C      15.C
6.D
7.D
8.B
9.B
10.C

B. Written Expressions

16.B    30.A
17.B
18.A
19.C
20.A
21.A
22.D
23.C
24.D
25.C
26.B
27.B
28.B